IPC Section 61
🔹 Section 61 of the Indian Penal Code – "Oath"
⚖️ Text of Section 61 (Simplified):
An "Oath" is a solemn affirmation or declaration made by a person, either verbally or in writing, intended to bind the person to tell the truth or to fulfill some duty.
🔍 Detailed Explanation:
1. What is an "Oath"?
An oath is a formal and serious promise or affirmation, where a person declares that what they say or do is truthful or that they will fulfill a certain obligation.
This promise is usually made before a competent authority or court.
2. Key features of an oath:
It can be given verbally or in writing.
It is intended to bind the person morally and legally to tell the truth or perform a duty.
It has a solemn character — meaning the person is aware of the seriousness and consequences of breaking it.
3. Why is this definition important?
Many offences under the IPC relate to false statements or lies made under oath (such as perjury).
To prove such offences, it is essential to understand what constitutes an oath.
Without this definition, it would be unclear when a person is legally bound to speak the truth.
4. Examples:
When a witness in court swears an oath to tell the truth.
A person taking an oath of office before assuming public duties.
A person making a written declaration under oath (affidavit).
5. Legal significance:
Once a person takes an oath, giving false information or lying can lead to criminal charges like perjury (Section 191 IPC) or giving false evidence.
Oaths help in ensuring the integrity of judicial and official processes.
✅ Summary:
Section 61 defines an oath as a solemn promise or declaration, either oral or written, which binds the person to tell the truth or fulfill a duty. This definition is crucial for understanding offences related to falsehood under oath in the Indian Penal Code.
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