Section 197 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, (BSA), 2023
It appears there's a bit of confusion here — the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) — which is the new Indian evidence law — comprises 170 sections, so there is no Section 197 within that Act (en.wikipedia.org).
However, you might be thinking of Section 197 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) — the new criminal law replacing certain parts of the IPC. That Section 197 BNS deals with “Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration,” effectively criminalizing speeches or statements that undermine India’s unity
✅ Summary
Section 197 does not exist in the BSA (Evidence Act) — it stops at Section 170 .
Section 197 does exist in the BNS — it punishes hate speech or assertions that threaten national integration
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